A Wideband Low-Power Cryogenic CMOS Circulator for Quantum Applications

Andrea Ruffino*, Yatao Peng, Fabio Sebastiano, Masoud Babaie, Edoardo Charbon

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticleScientificpeer-review

20 Citations (Scopus)
171 Downloads (Pure)

Abstract

Quantum computers require classical electronics to ensure fault-tolerant operation. To address compactness and scalability, it was proposed to implement such electronics as integrated circuits operating at cryogenic temperatures close to those at which quantum bits (qubits) operate. Circulators are among the most common blocks used in the qubit readout chain, but they are currently discrete devices with a bulky footprint, thus preventing large-scale system integration. For this reason, we present here a detailed description of the first fully integrated CMOS circulator operating from 300 K down to 4.2 K to be an integral part of cryogenic quantum computing platforms. At 300 K, the circuit's operating frequency is centered around 6.5 GHz with 28% fractional bandwidth, and it has 2.2-dB insertion loss, 2.4-dB noise figure, and 18-dB isolation while consuming 2.5-mW core power. These results are achieved thanks to a fully passive architecture based on LC all-pass filters, which allows achieving a 1.6\times increase in fractional bandwidth and the lowest power consumption with respect to the state of the art while using only 0.45 mm2 of core area. This allows miniaturization of circulators in power-constrained multi-qubit readout systems.

Original languageEnglish
Article number9039730
Pages (from-to)1224-1238
Number of pages15
JournalIEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits
Volume55
Issue number5
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 2020

Keywords

  • Circulator
  • Cryo-CMOS
  • quantum computer
  • qubit
  • qubit processor
  • qubit readout
  • RFIC

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