An agent-based simulation model for the crowd on passenger ships

This paper proposes an agent-based simulation model to predict the crowd behaviors and evaluate the evacuation safety on passenger ships. The model focuses on the behaviors of two common types of passengers that are typically ignored during most evacuation analyses, namely, passengers who are not familiar with the ship layout and passengers who have family members or friends with them. In the proposed model, a marker concept is introduced to represent critical routing points of layout and passenger agents make a route choice based on their surroundings and characteristics instead of just following the shortest routes. The simulation model is tested by two small but targeted scenarios and one comprehensive scenario on a ship deck. For ship designers, a more realistic evacuation time is provided to better assess the evacuation performance of a ship, and a heat map of crowd density is presented to identify possible bottleneck areas.