TY - JOUR
T1 - ATP measurement in seawater reverse osmosis systems
T2 - Eliminating seawater matrix effects using a filtration-based method
AU - Abushaban, Almotasembellah
AU - Salinas-Rodriguez, Sergio G.
AU - Mangal, Muhammad Nasir
AU - Mondal, Subhanjan
AU - Goueli, Said A.
AU - Knezev, Aleksandra
AU - Vrouwenvelder, Johannes S.
AU - Schippers, Jan C.
AU - Kennedy, Maria D.
PY - 2019/3/1
Y1 - 2019/3/1
N2 - A direct method for measuring adenosine-triphosphate (ATP) in seawater was developed recently, in which commercial reagents are added directly to seawater. However, calibration is required if seawater quality changes (such as changes in salinity, pH, Mg2+, Fe3+) as the seawater matrix interferes with ATP measurement. In this research, a 0.1 μm filtration process is introduced to eliminate such interferences. In addition, a filter rinsing step with sterilized artificial seawater is proposed to eliminate interference of free ATP. The ATP-filtration method is fast (<5 min), reproducible (VC = 7%), six times more sensitive than the direct ATP-method and correlates (R2 = 0.72, n = 100) with intact cell concentration. Microbial ATP concentration measured using the ATP-filtration method and the ATP-direct method were comparable. Microbial ATP measured along the treatment train of a full-scale seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) plant decreased from 530 in the raw seawater to 10 ng-ATP/L after pre-treatment and to 0.5 ng-ATP/L in the SWRO permeate. The method was also applied to monitor bacterial growth potential (BGP) across the pre-treatment train of a (pilot) seawater desalination plant, where the removal of BGP through the media filtration and ultrafiltration was 44% and 7%, respectively.
AB - A direct method for measuring adenosine-triphosphate (ATP) in seawater was developed recently, in which commercial reagents are added directly to seawater. However, calibration is required if seawater quality changes (such as changes in salinity, pH, Mg2+, Fe3+) as the seawater matrix interferes with ATP measurement. In this research, a 0.1 μm filtration process is introduced to eliminate such interferences. In addition, a filter rinsing step with sterilized artificial seawater is proposed to eliminate interference of free ATP. The ATP-filtration method is fast (<5 min), reproducible (VC = 7%), six times more sensitive than the direct ATP-method and correlates (R2 = 0.72, n = 100) with intact cell concentration. Microbial ATP concentration measured using the ATP-filtration method and the ATP-direct method were comparable. Microbial ATP measured along the treatment train of a full-scale seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) plant decreased from 530 in the raw seawater to 10 ng-ATP/L after pre-treatment and to 0.5 ng-ATP/L in the SWRO permeate. The method was also applied to monitor bacterial growth potential (BGP) across the pre-treatment train of a (pilot) seawater desalination plant, where the removal of BGP through the media filtration and ultrafiltration was 44% and 7%, respectively.
KW - Adenosine-triphosphate
KW - Biofouling
KW - Filtration based ATP method
KW - Pre-treatment
KW - RO permeate
KW - Seawater reverse osmosis
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85057823906&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.desal.2018.11.020
DO - 10.1016/j.desal.2018.11.020
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85057823906
SN - 0011-9164
VL - 453
SP - 1
EP - 9
JO - Desalination
JF - Desalination
ER -