Creation of complex nano-interferometric field structures

With dual two-dimensional Airy-like waveforms, we demonstrate the creation of highly confined electromagnetic fields in the transverse plane and circular or elliptical propagation trajectories in the longitudinal plane by using specially designed Pancharatnam-Berry (PB) phases. Applying the Richards and Wolf vectorial diffraction methods, the explicit expressions are obtained to calculate the strength vectors and energy flux of the three-dimensional electromagnetic fields. Calculations reveal that the nanointerferometric structures of such highly confined fields highly depend on the indexes γ₁ and γ₂ determining the PB phase, thereby enabling the engineering of highly confined fields with tunable size, spacing, and propagation trajectories.