TY - JOUR
T1 - Extraction of structural extracellular polymeric substances from aerobic granular sludge
AU - Felz, Simon
AU - Al-Zuhairy, Salah
AU - Aarstad, Olav Andreas
AU - van Loosdrecht, Mark C M
AU - Lin, Y.
PY - 2016/9/26
Y1 - 2016/9/26
N2 - To evaluate and develop methodologies for the extraction of gel-forming extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), EPS from aerobic granular sludge (AGS) was extracted using six different methods (centrifugation, sonication, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), formamide with sodium hydroxide (NaOH), formaldehyde with NaOH and sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) with heat and constant mixing). AGS was collected from a pilot wastewater treatment reactor. The ionic gel-forming property of the extracted EPS of the six different extraction methods was tested with calcium ions (Ca2+). From the six extraction methods used, only the Na2CO3 extraction could solubilize the hydrogel matrix of AGS. The alginatelike extracellular polymers (ALE) recovered with this method formed ionic gel beads with Ca2+. The Ca2+-ALE beads were stable in EDTA, formamide with NaOH and formaldehyde with NaOH, indicating that ALE are one part of the structural polymers in EPS. It is recommended to use an extraction method that combines physical and chemical treatment to solubilize AGS and extract structural EPS.
AB - To evaluate and develop methodologies for the extraction of gel-forming extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), EPS from aerobic granular sludge (AGS) was extracted using six different methods (centrifugation, sonication, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), formamide with sodium hydroxide (NaOH), formaldehyde with NaOH and sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) with heat and constant mixing). AGS was collected from a pilot wastewater treatment reactor. The ionic gel-forming property of the extracted EPS of the six different extraction methods was tested with calcium ions (Ca2+). From the six extraction methods used, only the Na2CO3 extraction could solubilize the hydrogel matrix of AGS. The alginatelike extracellular polymers (ALE) recovered with this method formed ionic gel beads with Ca2+. The Ca2+-ALE beads were stable in EDTA, formamide with NaOH and formaldehyde with NaOH, indicating that ALE are one part of the structural polymers in EPS. It is recommended to use an extraction method that combines physical and chemical treatment to solubilize AGS and extract structural EPS.
KW - Aerobic granular sludge
KW - Alginate-like extracellular polymers (ALE)
KW - Biofilm
KW - Biofouling
KW - Environmental sciences
KW - Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS)
KW - Extraction
KW - Functional polymer
KW - Hydrogel
KW - Structural polymer
UR - http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:1f67a532-eb14-4ef6-9174-6938021b6277
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84989306540&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3791/54534
DO - 10.3791/54534
M3 - Article
SN - 1940-087X
JO - Journal of Visualized Experiments
JF - Journal of Visualized Experiments
IS - 115
M1 - e54534
ER -