Layer by layer coating for bio-functionalization of additively manufactured meta-biomaterials

S. Amin Yavari*, M. Croes, B. Akhavan, F. Jahanmard, C. C. Eigenhuis, S. Dadbakhsh, B. C.H. van der Wal, H. Weinans, A. A. Zadpoor, More Authors

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticleScientificpeer-review

50 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Additive manufacturing has facilitated fabrication of complex and patient-specific metallic meta-biomaterials that offer an unprecedented collection of mechanical, mass transport, and biological properties as well as a fully interconnected porous structure. However, applying meta-biomaterials for addressing unmet clinical needs in orthopedic surgery requires additional surface functionalities that should be induced through tailor-made coatings. Here, we developed multi-functional layer-by-layer coatings to simultaneously prevent implant-associated infections and stimulate bone tissue regeneration. We applied multiple layers of gelatin- and chitosan-based coatings containing either bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 or vancomycin on the surface of selective laser melted porous structures made from commercial pure Titanium (CP Ti) and designed using a triply periodic minimal surface (i.e., sheet gyroid). The additive manufacturing process resulted in a porous structure and met the the design values comparatively. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectra confirmed the presence and composition of the coating layers. The release profiles showed a continued release of both vancomycin and BMP-2 for 2–3 weeks. Furthermore, the developed meta-biomaterials exhibited a very strong antibacterial behavior with up to 8 orders of magnitude reduction in both planktonic and implant-adherent bacteria and no signs of biofilm formation. The osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells was enhanced, as shown by two-fold increase in the alkaline phosphatase activity and up to four-fold increase in the mineralization of all experimental groups containing BMP-2. Eight-week subcutaneous implantation in vivo showed no signs of a foreign body response, while connective tissue ingrowth was promoted by the layer-by-layer coating. These results unequivocally confirm the superior multi-functional performance of the developed biomaterials.

Original languageEnglish
Article number100991
Number of pages13
JournalAdditive Manufacturing
Volume32
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 2020

Keywords

  • Layer-by-layer surface bio-functionalization
  • Meta-biomaterials
  • Metal 3D printing
  • Multi-functional coatings

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