Levees in a changing environment: Synchronizing and anticipating local challenges

In recent years, spatial planning and flood risk management (FRM) have been further coupled, thuscreating opportunities to incorporate water management measures in urban construction/reconstructionand landscaping. In addition, it is essential to find more than just technicalsolutions to potential flooding problems, and look for strategies that also addressgovernance, funding and more integrated design processes. Research in recent yearshas identified two dominant strategies - synchronization and anticipation -based on the question whether there is a flood risk issue and/or a spatialdevelopment plan and on the degree to which a flexible approach is available thatwill allow separate developments to be synchronized. These strategies can be usedin both urban and rural areas.