TY - JOUR
T1 - Quality parameters relevant for densification of bio-materials
T2 - Measuring methods and affecting factors - A review
AU - Gilvari, Hamid
AU - de Jong, Wiebren
AU - Schott, Dingena L.
PY - 2019
Y1 - 2019
N2 - Densification has been carried out for many years, mostly in biomass processing, animal feed production, and pharmaceutical industries. During the years, researchers and engineers attempted to improve the product quality and minimize the production costs. The most important quality parameters of solid bio-materials are the compressive strength, abrasion resistance, impact resistance, moisture adsorption, and density. Various studies used different standard and non-standard methods to characterize these quality parameters. The objective of this paper is twofold: (1) to investigate the state-of-the-art methods and devices used in the quality assessment of densified bio-materials, including a comparison between non-standard and standard methods. (2) to discuss the effect of different factors on the properties of densified bio-materials using an integrated approach. The results show a lack of standard methods for the quality assessment of bio-materials and therefore, there is an emerging need for development of dedicated standards for bio-materials. Moreover, the use of dissimilar methods and devices in the quality assessment of bio-materials gives risk to uncertainties about the effect of different factors on the product quality.
AB - Densification has been carried out for many years, mostly in biomass processing, animal feed production, and pharmaceutical industries. During the years, researchers and engineers attempted to improve the product quality and minimize the production costs. The most important quality parameters of solid bio-materials are the compressive strength, abrasion resistance, impact resistance, moisture adsorption, and density. Various studies used different standard and non-standard methods to characterize these quality parameters. The objective of this paper is twofold: (1) to investigate the state-of-the-art methods and devices used in the quality assessment of densified bio-materials, including a comparison between non-standard and standard methods. (2) to discuss the effect of different factors on the properties of densified bio-materials using an integrated approach. The results show a lack of standard methods for the quality assessment of bio-materials and therefore, there is an emerging need for development of dedicated standards for bio-materials. Moreover, the use of dissimilar methods and devices in the quality assessment of bio-materials gives risk to uncertainties about the effect of different factors on the product quality.
KW - Bio-material
KW - Densification
KW - Density
KW - Durability
KW - Standard methods
KW - Strength
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85056922954&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.biombioe.2018.11.013
DO - 10.1016/j.biombioe.2018.11.013
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85056922954
SN - 0961-9534
VL - 120
SP - 117
EP - 134
JO - Biomass and Bioenergy
JF - Biomass and Bioenergy
ER -