TY - JOUR
T1 - Quantification of the Evaporation Rates from Six Types of Wetland Cover in Palo Verde National Park, Costa Rica
AU - Jimenez Rodriguez, Cesar
AU - Esquivel-Vargas, Catalina
AU - Coenders-Gerrits, Miriam
AU - Sasa-Marín, Mahmood
PY - 2019
Y1 - 2019
N2 - The hydrology of tropical seasonal wetlands is affected by changes in the land cover. Changes from open water towards a vegetated cover imply an increase in the total evaporation flux, which includes the evaporation from open water bodies and the transpiration from vegetated surfaces. This study quantified the total evaporation flux of six covers of the Palo Verde wetland during dry season. The selected wetland covers were dominated by Neptunia natans (L.f.) Druce, Thalia geniculata L., Typha dominguensis Pers., Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms, a mixture of these species, and open water conditions. The plants were collected from the wetland and placed in lysimeters (59.1 L) built from plastic containers. The lysimeters were located in an open area near the meteorological station of the Organization for Tropical Studies (OTS). The evaporated water volume and meteorological data were collected between December 2012–January 2013. A completely randomized design was applied to determine the total evaporation (E), reference evaporation (Eref, Penman-Monteith method) and crop coefficient (Kc) for all the covers. T. geniculata (E: 17.0 mm d−1, Kc: 3.43) and open water (E: 8.2 mm d−1, Kc: 1.65) showed the highest and lowest values respectively, for daily evaporation and crop coefficient. Results from the ANOVA indicate that E. crassipes and N. natans were statistically different (p = 0.05) from T. dominguensis and the species mixture, while the water and T. geniculata showed significant differences with regard to other plant covers. These results indicate that the presence of emergent macrophytes as T. geniculata and T. dominguensis will increase the evaporation flux during dry season more than the floating macrophytes or open water surfaces.
AB - The hydrology of tropical seasonal wetlands is affected by changes in the land cover. Changes from open water towards a vegetated cover imply an increase in the total evaporation flux, which includes the evaporation from open water bodies and the transpiration from vegetated surfaces. This study quantified the total evaporation flux of six covers of the Palo Verde wetland during dry season. The selected wetland covers were dominated by Neptunia natans (L.f.) Druce, Thalia geniculata L., Typha dominguensis Pers., Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms, a mixture of these species, and open water conditions. The plants were collected from the wetland and placed in lysimeters (59.1 L) built from plastic containers. The lysimeters were located in an open area near the meteorological station of the Organization for Tropical Studies (OTS). The evaporated water volume and meteorological data were collected between December 2012–January 2013. A completely randomized design was applied to determine the total evaporation (E), reference evaporation (Eref, Penman-Monteith method) and crop coefficient (Kc) for all the covers. T. geniculata (E: 17.0 mm d−1, Kc: 3.43) and open water (E: 8.2 mm d−1, Kc: 1.65) showed the highest and lowest values respectively, for daily evaporation and crop coefficient. Results from the ANOVA indicate that E. crassipes and N. natans were statistically different (p = 0.05) from T. dominguensis and the species mixture, while the water and T. geniculata showed significant differences with regard to other plant covers. These results indicate that the presence of emergent macrophytes as T. geniculata and T. dominguensis will increase the evaporation flux during dry season more than the floating macrophytes or open water surfaces.
KW - Costa Rica
KW - Guanacaste
KW - Lysimeters
KW - Macrophytes
KW - Marshland
KW - Tempisque river
KW - Transpiration
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85065078441&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/w11040674
DO - 10.3390/w11040674
M3 - Article
SN - 2073-4441
VL - 11
JO - Water
JF - Water
IS - 4
M1 - 674
ER -