Reconnecting green: Towards a multi-dimensional biophilic city

Densification and greening of cities seem to exclude one another. How to deal with this? This research shows a first exploration of how city green can be optimized by integrating the facade-and rooftop green into the neighbourhood landscape. To do this, biophilic design principles were applied from a landscape architectural perspective. Due to the many green roof interventions as well as the existing big surface area of flat roofs, the city of Rotterdam in the Netherlands, was the main focus. Seven steps which can turn an unhealthy city into a biophilic one are described. Ecosystem services are related to these steps and serve as an indication for valuing ideas and design implementations for a city wide greening vision as a first step towards a multidimensional biophilic city.